The hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. This vital process is crucial for sustaining life on our planet.
Key Processes
Evaporation: The transformation of liquid water into water vapor, primarily from oceans, lakes, and rivers.
Transpiration: The release of water vapor into the atmosphere by plants.
Condensation: The conversion of water vapor into liquid water droplets, forming clouds.
Precipitation: The falling of condensed water from the atmosphere in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Infiltration: The downward movement of water into the soil.
Runoff: The flow of water over the land surface, such as in rivers and streams.
Groundwater Flow: The movement of water through the subsurface layers of soil and rock.
Importance of the Hydrological Cycle
Water Supply: Provides fresh water for human consumption, agriculture, and industry.
Climate Regulation: Influences weather patterns, temperature, and humidity.
Ecosystem Support: Essential for the survival of plants, animals, and aquatic ecosystems.
Human Impact on the Hydrological Cycle
Water Use: Increased water withdrawal for human activities can impact water availability and groundwater levels.
Land Use Change: Deforestation and urbanization can alter runoff patterns and reduce infiltration.
Climate Change: Changes in temperature and precipitation patterns can significantly impact the hydrological cycle.
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