Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain: Formation, Topography, Geographical Regions, and River Systems. Explore Bhabhar, Tarai, Bangar, Khadar in Indian Geography. Learn about depositional activities, new rivers, and aggradational plains.
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Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra Plain: Key concepts & features
Contour Line: The 300m contour line divides the Himalayas and the Gangetic Basin.
Southern Boundary: Demarcated by the edge of the peninsula coinciding with 75m contours for most of its length and 35m in the northeastern section, towards the delta.
Topography: Extremely flat plains with a slope of nearly 1:1000 to 1:2000.
Characteristics: The plains are flat, rolling, and have a monotonous character.
River Rejuvenation: The already existing rivers changed their course multiple times during the upliftment of the Himalayas, becoming rejuvenated (perpetual youth stage).
Intense Erosion: Rejuvenation led to intense headward and vertical downcutting of soft strata overlying harder rock.
Erosion Types: Headward erosion and vertical erosion in the early stages, lateral erosion in later stages contributed to huge amounts of conglomerates (detritus).
Headward Erosion: Erosion at the origin of a stream channel, causing the stream channel to lengthen.
Conglomerate Deposition: These conglomerates were deposited in the Indo-Gangetic Trough (syncline) between Peninsular India and the convergent boundary.
Agriculture: Fertile alluvial soils, slow-moving perennial rivers, and favorable climate support intense agriculture.
Regions: Punjab, Haryana, and Western Uttar Pradesh are the granary of India.
Infrastructure: Extensive road and rail networks support industrialization and urbanization.
Tourism: Religious and cultural sites along sacred rivers like Ganga and Yamuna.
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