Major Mountain Passes in India: Deccan Plateau, Khyber Pass, Bolan Pass - Locations, Significance, and Historical Importance

• These serve as gateways to connect different parts of the country and neighboring regions.
• Passes have been crucial for trade, warfare, and migration throughout history.

Khyber Pass

• Location: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan, on the border with Afghanistan (Nangarhar Province).
• 
• Significance:
  • Connects Landi Kotal to the Valley of Peshawar at Jamrud by traversing part of the Spin Ghar mountains.
  • An integral part of the ancient Silk Road with substantial cultural, economic, and geopolitical significance for Eurasian trade.
  • Historically important as a trade route between Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.
  • Vital strategic military choke point for various states throughout history.
  • 

Bolan Pass

• Location: Toba Kakar Range, Balochistan province, western Pakistan, 120 km from the Afghanistan border.
• 
• Details:
  • 89 km stretch of the Bolan river valley from Rindli in the south to Darwāza near Kolpur in the north.
  • Consists of narrow gorges and stretches.
  • Located southeast of Quetta.
  • Mehrgarh is near the Bolan Pass.
  • The Toba Kakar Mountains are a southern offshoot of the Himalayas in the Balochistan region.