Explore the Late Harappan Phase (1900–1300 BCE) of the Indus Valley Civilization. Learn about settlements, agricultural practices, pottery, technology, trade, social organization, and religious beliefs. Dive into NCERT insights from Class 6, 11, and 12 textbooks.

Exploring the Late Harappan Phase: Factors of Decline and Cultural Transformation

Analyzing Signs of Decline in the Late Harappan Civilization: Urban Decay and Migration Patterns

The decline of the Harappan Civilization (c. 1900–1300 BCE) marked the end of one of the world's earliest urban cultures. Archaeological evidence suggests multiple factors contributed to the breakdown of this once-thriving society.

Exploring Environmental Factors Behind the Decline of the Harappan Civilization: Monsoon Variability and Seismic Activity

Changes in climate and natural disasters significantly impacted Harappan society.

Economic Factors Contributing to the Fall of the Harappan Civilization: Trade Decline and Resource Overuse

The economic backbone of the Harappan Civilization weakened due to declining trade and resource depletion.

Social Transformations in the Late Harappan Period: Shift to Rural Society and Evolving Burial Practices

The transition from urban life to agrarian communities reshaped social structures.

Post-Urban Harappan Phase and Regional Adaptations: Smaller Settlements and Material Culture Shifts

The post-urban phase saw cultural adaptation and regional diversity in settlement patterns.

Transformation of Urban Centers During the Late Harappan Phase: Infrastructure Deterioration and Ruralization

Harappan cities witnessed a decline in urban planning and infrastructure maintenance.

Economic and Social Shifts in the Late Harappan Period: Economic Reorganization and Social Stratification

The economic foundation transitioned from long-distance trade to localized agrarian economies.

Key Theories on the Harappan Decline: Climate Change, Economic Factors, and Invasion Hypotheses

Scholars propose various theories to explain the collapse of the Harappan Civilization.

Influence of the Harappan Civilization on Later Cultures: Cultural Continuity and Regional Variations

The Harappan legacy continued to shape subsequent Indian civilizations.

Archaeological Discoveries and Insights into the Late Harappan Phase: Key Excavation Sites and Artifact Findings

Ongoing excavations provide valuable insights into the Late Harappan phase.

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