An exploration of Aurangzeb's interactions with the Rajputs and the political unrest in North India during his reign.

Policies of Jahangir and Shah Jahan

• Jahangir (1613 Settlement with Mewar): Settled a longstanding conflict with Mewar, continuing Akbar's policies of favoring Rajputs and forming matrimonial alliances.
• Shah Jahan: Maintained alliances with Rajputs, utilizing their forces in various regions. Despite his lineage, he did not pursue further matrimonial ties with Rajput leaders.

Aurangzeb's Policies and Actions

• Value of Rajput Alliances: Aurangzeb valued Rajput alliances, enhancing the rank and salary of the Maharana of Mewar and restoring Jaswant Singh of Marwar's mansab despite earlier conflicts.
• Conflict with Marwar (Jaswant Singh):
  • Initial Conflict: Jaswant Singh's defection and conflict with Aurangzeb.
  • Pardon and Restoration: Aurangzeb pardoned and restored Jaswant Singh’s status.
• Marwar Control:
  • Intervention and Khalisa: Aurangzeb sought direct control over Marwar due to debts and governance issues.
  • Resistance and Measures: Anticipated resistance led to military mobilization in the region.
• Succession Dispute:
  • After Jaswant Singh's Death: Aurangzeb took control to ensure order and secure debts.
  • Offer to Inder Singh: Initially favored Jaswant Singh's nephew for succession.
• Conflict with Mewar:
  • Support for Ajit Singh: Aurangzeb offered Ajit Singh positions to resolve succession tensions.
• Outcome and Legacy:
  • Military and Political Impact: Aurangzeb's approach was criticized for harming Mughal prestige.
  • Strained Relations: Conflicts raised doubts about Mughal loyalty to Rajput allies.
  • Historical Evaluation: Aurangzeb's actions were not solely driven by anti-Hindu sentiments, as he included Marathas in his nobility.

Conclusion

This overview highlights Aurangzeb's complex interactions with the Rajputs of Marwar and Mewar, detailing the consequences of his policies and their impact on Mughal-Rajput relations.