Mahmud Ghazni - Turkish conquest on Indian Sub-continent

Overview:

• --> Founded by Alptigin in 963 CE after capturing Ghazni.
• --> Expanded under Subuktigin and Mahmud Ghazni.
• --> Mahmud Ghazni's invasions marked a significant period of Turkish influence in India.

Impact on India:

• --> Initiated a series of invasions from 1000 to 1027 CE.
• --> Weakened local Indian rulers, paving the way for further Turkish and Afghan invasions.
• --> Economic exploitation through plundering of rich Indian temples like Somanath.
• --> Cultural exchanges with Persian influences on Indian art and literature.

Overview:

• --> Established a foothold for subsequent Turkic and Afghan rulers in North India.
• --> Contributed to the decline of traditional Indian kingdoms.
• --> Cultural exchange and synthesis between Persian-Islamic and Indian traditions.

Overview:

• --> Seventeen invasions between 1000 and 1027 CE.
• --> Religious and economic motivations behind invasions.
• --> Defeat of Jayapala and Anandapala in battles near Punjab and Waihind.
• --> Plunder of Mathura, Kanauj, and Somanath.

Impact on India:

• --> Consolidation of Turkish power in North India.
• --> Destruction of Hindu temples and cultural heritage.
• --> Economic drain through vast wealth looted.

Overview:

• --> Mahmud Ghazni's last invasion in 1027 CE against the Jats.
• --> Severe reprisals and punitive actions against local populations.
• --> Consolidation of Turkish rule in North India after Mahmud's death in 1030 CE.