Explore the Civil Disobedience Movement and its key events, including Gandhi's Eleven Demands, the Salt Satyagraha, and the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. Learn about the impact on India's independence movement.
Civil Disobedience Movement — Exploring The Salt Satyagraha and Nationwide Upsurges
Understanding Gandhi's Eleven Demands for India's Freedom
General Interest Demands:
Reduce expenditure on army and civil services by 50%.
Implement total prohibition.
Reform the Criminal Investigation Department (CID).
Modify the Arms Act for public access to firearm licenses.
Release political prisoners.
Pass the Postal Reservation Bill.
Specific Bourgeois Demands:
Adjust the rupee-sterling exchange to 1s 4d.
Provide textile protection.
Reserve coastal shipping for Indians.
Specific Peasant Demands:
Reduce land revenue by 50%.
Abolish salt tax and end the government's salt monopoly.
Significance: With no positive response from the government, Gandhi initiated the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Why the Salt Satyagraha Became a National Symbol
Salt symbolized a universal grievance affecting the rural poor.
It provided a practical and symbolic means of resistance linked to swaraj.
The Iconic Dandi March: A Turning Point in Indian History
Plan and Execution:
Gandhi’s 240-mile march from Ahmedabad to Dandi violated the salt law.
He broke the law by picking up a lump of salt on April 6, 1930.
Impact:
Nationwide civil disobedience campaigns against British laws.
Resignations from government jobs and increased organizational activities.
Nationwide Spread of the Salt Satyagraha
Regional Movements:
Tamil Nadu: Anti-liquor campaigns led by C. Rajagopalachari.
Malabar: Police clashes during resistance led by K. Kelappan.
Bengal: Divided participation but significant arrests and violence.
Specific Events:
Dharasana Raid: Brutal police repression of protesters.
United Provinces: Campaigns against tax collection.
Impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement
Decline in imports of foreign goods.
Widespread boycotts and loss of British revenue from taxes.
Participation of women, students, workers, and tribals.
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