The Civil Disobedience Movement, which began with Gandhi's Eleven Demands, marked a significant period in India's struggle for independence. Gandhi's demands covered a broad range of issues, including reductions in military spending, prohibition, and the release of political prisoners. The Salt Satyagraha, initiated with Gandhi's 240-mile march to Dandi, symbolized a widespread and impactful protest against British salt laws. This movement led to nationwide disobedience, various regional responses, and significant forms of mobilization, such as prabhat pheris and secret patrikas.
The government responded with repression and censorship, but the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of February 14, 1931, represented a compromise, addressing some demands while leaving others unresolved. The evaluation of the movement suggests it was not a retreat but a strategic adjustment with substantial governmental concessions. The movement's methods and impacts differed notably from previous movements, reflecting its unique significance in the fight for independence.
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Civil Disobedience Movement — The Salt Satyagraha and Other Upsurges
Not considered a retreat; mass movements are typically short-lived and capacity for sacrifice is limited.
The movement’s success was marked by significant governmental concessions and recognition.
Comparison to Non-Cooperation Movement:
Objectives differed, methods involved direct law violations, and participation levels varied, with notable increases in imprisonment and organizational strength.
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