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This module examines the rise of British paramountcy in India from the Battle of Plassey to the end of Company rule. It traces the establishment of British supremacy through military conquest, diplomatic dominance over Indian powers such as the Marathas, and the gradual evolution of colonial governance. The section further analyses constitutional experiments from the Regulating Act to the Government of India Act, along with the development of the judicial system that institutionalised British authority in India.
Early civil uprisings represented spontaneous popular resistance against British expansion, revenue exploitation, and political interference. These movements were often led by displaced rulers, local elites, and affected communities, reflecting widespread discontent with colonial policies before the Revolt of 1857.
Peasant and religious movements formed the backbone of early mass resistance against British rule. Triggered by excessive revenue demands, economic distress, and cultural intrusion, these uprisings reflected deep agrarian grievances and mobilised rural communities across regions.
This cluster examines the broader spectrum of resistance movements that laid the groundwork for the Revolt of 1857. It includes early popular revolts, sepoy unrest, underlying causes of resistance, and structural limitations that prevented these movements from achieving national coordination.
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