Analysis of the future strategies after the Civil Disobedience Movement, including debates on the Gandhian approach, Nehru’s opposition to the S-T-S strategy, and final decisions on council participation. Discover the key perspectives and their implications for Indian political strategy.
Gandhian Constructive Work: Advocated by traditionalists. Focused on constructive activities.
Constitutional Struggle and Council Participation: Advocated by M.A. Ansari, Asaf Ali, Bhulabhai Desai, S. Satyamurthy, B.C. Roy.
Arguments:
Maintain political interest and morale.
Utilize elections to keep Congress active.
Prepare masses for the next struggle phase.
Enhance Congress prestige and confidence.
Equivalent to the movement in councils.
Leftist Perspective: Led by Jawaharlal Nehru. Critical of constructive work and council entry. Favored resumption of non-constitutionalist mass struggle.
Nehru's Vision:
Abolition of capitalism, establishment of socialism.
Withdrawal from Civil Disobedience Movement seen as a “spiritual defeat”.
Suggested revising vested interests in favor of the masses.
Emphasized economic and class demands.
Advocated continuous confrontation with imperialism.
Conciliation by Gandhi: Agreed to council entry, acknowledging it would not lead to freedom directly.
Participation Conditions: Allowed Congressmen to participate in elections if not engaged in satyagraha or constructive work.
Gandhi's Stance: Emphasized avoiding constitutionalism and self-serving behavior. Assured that withdrawal from Civil Disobedience was not a compromise with imperialism.
Establishment of Parliamentary Board: AICC set up a Parliamentary Board in May 1934 for elections. Gandhi's resignation from Congress in October 1934.
Socialists' View: Led by Nehru, the socialists emphasized anti-imperialist struggle before socialism. Advocated gradual radicalization of Congress rather than isolation.
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