Explore the ideological differences and similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar, including their views on untouchability, democracy, social reforms, and political change.
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Ideological Differences and Similarities between Gandhi and Ambedkar
Symbolism and Beliefs
Similar Actions: Burning of foreign cloth (Gandhi) and Manusmriti (Ambedkar) symbolized resistance against bondage and slavery.
Freedom: Gandhi believed freedom must be wrested by the people; Ambedkar expected it to be bestowed by rulers.
Democracy and Government
Gandhi's View: Distrusted parliamentary democracy, saw it as prone to mass domination by leaders.
Ambedkar's View: Supported parliamentary democracy and mass democracy as a means to pressure the government.
Ideology and Social Views
Gandhi's Approach: No rigid ideology, preferred practical alternatives; saw ‘Gramraj’ as a vision of independence.
Ambedkar's Approach: Rigid principles, saw the Indian village system as perpetuating inequality, favored liberal ideology.
Social Reforms and Untouchability
Gandhi’s View: Untouchability as a moral issue, part of the Hindu whole; advocated for reforms and atonement.
Ambedkar’s View: Untouchables as a religious minority; criticized the term ‘Harijan’, preferred legal and constitutional remedies.
Religion and State
Ambedkar’s View: Advocated for separation of religion and State, and saw religion as a human-centered concept.
Gandhi’s View: Supported freedom of religion but opposed separation of politics and religion; saw religion as a tool for social change.
Violence and Non-Violence
Ambedkar’s View: Held non-violence as an end, justified means if ends were just.
Gandhi’s View: Opposed all forms of violence; believed in purity of means to determine the end.
Mechanisation and Production
Gandhi’s View: Apprehensive about mechanisation’s dehumanizing impact; saw it as sustaining exploitative orders.
Ambedkar’s View: Believed in the benefits of machinery and modern civilization; advocated for more machinery in a democratic society.
Shared Goals
Non-Violent Social Transformation: Both leaders sought social transformation through democratic and peaceful means.
Communication and Mobilisation: Gandhi used local vernacular; Ambedkar used English. Gandhi’s methods included non-cooperation and civil disobedience; Ambedkar emphasized legality and constitutionality.
Untouchability: Gandhi viewed it as a moral issue within Hinduism; Ambedkar saw it as a major problem requiring legal remedies.
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