The Simon Commission's appointment spurred radical movements advocating for independence and unity among Indian politicians. Its 1930 recommendations included provincial autonomy, retention of separate electorates, and changes in federalism, but proposed no universal franchise. The suggestions, such as provincial autonomy and separating certain regions, had limited immediate impact as political dynamics evolved rapidly. The Commission’s report became less relevant as newer developments shaped India's political landscape.
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Impact of the Simon Commission and Its Recommendations
Stimulus to Radical Forces: The appointment spurred radical forces advocating for complete independence and major socio-economic reforms along socialist lines. It provided the Congress with a unifying issue to rally mass action.
Challenge and Unity: Lord Birkenhead's challenge for Indian politicians to present an agreed constitution was taken up by various political sections, improving the prospects for Indian unity at that time.
General Proposals: Published in May 1930, the report proposed abolishing dyarchy, establishing representative government in provinces with autonomy, and increasing provincial legislative council members.
Governance and Elections: Recommended that governors retain discretionary powers for internal security and administrative functions. Rejected parliamentary responsibility at the center and granted the governor-general complete power to appoint cabinet members. No universal franchise was proposed.
Communal Electorates: Suggested retaining and extending separate communal electorates until tensions between Hindus and Muslims eased.
Federalism and Representation: Accepted federalism in the future, recommended establishing a Consultative Council of Greater India, and proposed local legislatures for the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan with representation at the center.
Geographical Changes: Suggested separating Sindh from Bombay and Burma from India due to non-natural inclusion in the Indian subcontinent.
Indian Army: Recommended Indianizing the army while retaining British forces. India was to be fully equipped.
Relevance: By the time the report was published, its relevance diminished as other events overtook its recommendations.
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