Explore the concept of Individual Satyagraha, including its background, objectives, key figures involved, outcomes, and significant historical context during World War II.
Individual Satyagraha: Background
Government Stance:
The government maintained that no constitutional advance could be made until the Congress reached an agreement with the Muslim leaders.
Issued numerous ordinances curtailing freedom of speech, press, and the right to organize associations.
Congress Response:
Congress requested Gandhi to take command once again.
Gandhi decided to initiate a limited satyagraha on an individual basis by a few selected individuals in each locality.
Aims of Individual Satyagraha
Objectives:
To demonstrate that nationalist patience was not due to weakness.
To express disinterest in the war and opposition to the dual autocracy ruling India, equating it with Nazism.
To provide another opportunity for the government to accept Congress' demands peacefully.
Satyagraha Demand:
The demand was for freedom of speech against the war through an anti-war declaration.
If the government did not arrest the satyagrahi, the individual would repeat the action, move into villages, and start a march towards Delhi, known as the ‘Delhi Chalo Movement’.
Key Figures and Outcomes
Key Figures:
Vinoba Bhave was the first to offer satyagraha.
Jawaharlal Nehru was the second.
Outcomes:
By May 1941, 25,000 people had been convicted for individual civil disobedience.
Historical Context
Significant Events:
June 1941: Germany attacks Russia and Russia is dragged into the War.
December 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbour.
March 1942: Japan occupies Rangoon after overrunning almost the whole of South-East Asia.
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