Kheda Satyagraha (1918)—First Non-Cooperation
Discover the Kheda Satyagraha of 1918, where Gandhi led his first non-cooperation movement in response to a severe drought and oppressive tax demands. With the support of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and local leaders, farmers engaged in a disciplined tax revolt. The successful outcome included suspension of taxes and return of confiscated property, marking a pivotal moment in the struggle for justice and independence in India.
- In 1918, a severe drought in Kheda district of Gujarat led to crop failure.
- According to the Revenue Code, if the yield was less than one-fourth of the normal produce, farmers were entitled to a remission of taxes.
- The Gujarat Sabha, representing the peasants, petitioned the authorities to suspend the revenue assessment for 1919, but the government refused and threatened to seize property if taxes were not paid.
Gandhi's Leadership and Patel's Organization
- Gandhi advised the farmers not to pay the taxes, acting as the spiritual leader of the movement.
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, along with Narahari Parikh, Mohanlal Pandya, and Ravi Shankar Vyas, organized the villagers and provided political leadership.
- The tax revolt was notable for its discipline and unity, with various ethnic and caste communities in Kheda supporting the cause.
- Despite government seizure of personal property, land, and livelihood, the majority of farmers remained steadfast. Support came from other Gujaratis who sheltered the peasants' relatives and property.
Outcome of the Kheda Satyagraha
- Eventually, the government agreed to suspend the tax for the affected year and the following year, reduce the tax rate increase, and return all confiscated property.
- The struggle in Kheda awakened the peasantry to the necessity of achieving complete independence to end injustice and exploitation.
Efficacy of Satyagraha
- Gandhi demonstrated the effectiveness of his technique of satyagraha, showcasing its power in achieving justice and rights through non-violent resistance.
Understanding of the Masses
- Gandhi gained a deeper understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the masses through his experiences in these struggles.
- He found his place among the people, learning how to mobilize and lead effectively.
Respect and Commitment
- Gandhi earned the respect and commitment of many individuals, particularly among the youth, who were inspired by his leadership and principles.
