Learn about The Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56, driven by oppression in the Rajmahal hills. Explore the leadership of Sidhu and Kanhu, the rebellion's anti-British stance, and its ultimate suppression. Discover the causes, key events, and outcomes of this significant uprising.

The Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56 was a major tribal uprising in India, led by Sidhu and Kanhu against oppressive zamindars, moneylenders, and the British East India Company. This event is crucial for students as it highlights early tribal resistance, socio-economic oppression, and the legacy of anti-colonial struggles in Bihar and Rajmahal Hills.

The Santhal Rebellion (1855-56): Causes, Leaders, and Suppression

• Overview of the Santhal Uprising

  The Santhal Rebellion arose due to prolonged exploitation of the Santhals by landlords, moneylenders, and colonial forces, marking a turning point in tribal resistance against British rule.

  • (i) The Santhals had settled in the Rajmahal Hills region of Bihar.
  • (ii) Oppression came mainly from zamindars, moneylenders, and the colonial police system.
  • (iii) The rebellion soon expanded into a larger anti-British struggle.

• Causes of the Santhal Rebellion

  The uprising was triggered by multiple socio-economic and political grievances faced by the tribal community.

  • Economic Exploitation

    Excessive demands by moneylenders and landlords created unbearable hardship for the Santhals.

    • (i) Zamindars and moneylenders charged exorbitant interest rates.
    • (ii) Tribal lands were seized through unfair practices.
    • (iii) The Santhals were reduced to bonded labor and poverty.

  • Political and Social Oppression

    The colonial administrative system reinforced oppression through its policies.

    • (a) Police supported landlords and moneylenders in exploiting tribals.
    • (b) British policies denied the Santhals rights to their lands.
    • (c) Growing resentment against Company rule led to collective resistance.

• Leaders of the Santhal Rebellion

  The rebellion was led by charismatic leaders who inspired the tribal population to unite against injustice.

  • Sidhu and Kanhu’s Leadership

    Brothers Sidhu and Kanhu emerged as the principal leaders of the revolt.

    • (i) They declared the area between Bhagalpur and Rajmahal as autonomous.
    • (ii) Mobilized thousands of Santhals to fight against oppression.
    • (iii) Became symbols of tribal resistance in colonial India.

• Suppression of the Uprising

  Despite its strength, the Santhal Rebellion was eventually crushed by the colonial forces.

  • The Fall of the Santhal Rebellion

    The rebellion faced severe retaliation from the British East India Company.

    • (i) Colonial forces deployed large armies against the rebels.
    • (ii) By 1856, the movement was brutally suppressed.
    • (iii) Thousands of Santhals were killed, but their sacrifice became part of India’s freedom struggle.

• Summary of the Santhal Rebellion

  The Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56 was a landmark tribal uprising against zamindars, moneylenders, and British rule. Led by Sidhu and Kanhu, it symbolized resistance against exploitation and remains highly relevant for students studying modern Indian history, colonial policies, and early struggles for independence.