Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890) founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 to challenge casteism and promote education among lower castes and women. His reforms included advocating for widow remarriage and gender equality.

Jyotiba Phule: Founder of Satyashodhak Samaj and Pioneer of Social Justice

• Early Life: Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890) was born in Satara, Maharashtra, and belonged to the *mali* (gardener) community. He organized a powerful movement against upper caste domination and Brahminical supremacy.
• Satyashodhak Samaj: In 1873, Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society). The leadership of the Samaj came from backward classes, including *malis*, *telis*, *kunbis*, *saris*, and *dhangars*. The main aims were social service and spreading education among women and lower caste people.
• Inspirational Works: Phule’s works, *Sarvajanik Satyadharma* and *Gulamgiri*, inspired the masses. He used the symbol of Rajah Bali in contrast to the Brahmins’ symbol of Rama, aiming at the complete abolition of the caste system and socio-economic inequalities.
• Opposition to Brahminical Dominance: Phule opposed Sanskritic Hinduism and sought to dismantle the caste system and socio-economic exploitation perpetuated by Brahmins.

Contributions to Women's Rights and Education: Empowering Women and Challenging Patriarchy

• Women's Education: Phule, a strong advocate for gender equality, with the help of his wife, Savitribai Phule, opened a girls’ school in Poona, significantly advancing women's education.
• Widow Remarriage Movement: Phule was a pioneer in the widow remarriage movement in Maharashtra and established a home for widows in 1854 to support them.
• Recognition: For his social reform work, Phule was awarded the title 'Mahatma,' acknowledging his significant contributions to social justice and equality.