Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890) founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 to challenge casteism and promote education among lower castes and women. His reforms included advocating for widow remarriage and gender equality.
Early Life: Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890) was born in Satara, Maharashtra, and belonged to the mali (gardener) community. He organized a powerful movement against upper caste domination and Brahminical supremacy.
Satyashodhak Samaj: In 1873, Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society). The leadership of the Samaj came from backward classes, including malis, telis, kunbis, saris, and dhangars. The main aims were social service and spreading education among women and lower caste people.
Inspirational Works: Phule’s works, Sarvajanik Satyadharma and Gulamgiri, inspired the masses. He used the symbol of Rajah Bali in contrast to the Brahmins’ symbol of Rama, aiming at the complete abolition of the caste system and socio-economic inequalities.
Opposition to Brahminical Dominance: Phule opposed Sanskritic Hinduism and sought to dismantle the caste system and socio-economic exploitation perpetuated by Brahmins.
Women's Education: Phule, a strong advocate for gender equality, with the help of his wife, Savitribai Phule, opened a girls’ school in Poona, significantly advancing women's education.
Widow Remarriage Movement: Phule was a pioneer in the widow remarriage movement in Maharashtra and established a home for widows in 1854 to support them.
Recognition: For his social reform work, Phule was awarded the title 'Mahatma,' acknowledging his significant contributions to social justice and equality.
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