Explore the Wahabi/Walliullah Movement, its origins, political impact, and its significant role in the 1857 Revolt against British rule in India.
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Wahabi/Walliullah Movement
Teachings and Ideals
Inspirations: The Wahabi/Walliullah Movement was inspired by the teachings of Abdul Wahab of Arabia and Shah Walliullah (1702-1763).
Revivalist Response: It was a revivalist response to Western influences and the degeneration that had set in among Indian Muslims.
Two-fold Ideals: Shah Walliullah organized Muslims around two key ideals:
Desirability of harmony among the four schools of Muslim jurisprudence.
Recognition of the role of individual conscience in religion.
Spread and Political Perspective
Popularisation: The teachings of Walliullah were further popularised by Shah Abdul Aziz and Syed Ahmed Barelvi.
Political Perspective: They gave the movement a political perspective, calling for a return to pure Islam and advocating against un-Islamic practices.
Dar-ul-Harb to Dar-ul-Islam: Syed Ahmed Barelvi considered India to be dar-ul-Harb (land of the kafirs) that needed to be converted to dar-ul-Islam (land of Islam).
Initial Targets: Initially, the movement was directed at the Sikhs in Punjab but later turned against the British after the annexation of Punjab in 1849.
Role in 1857 Revolt: The Wahabis played an important role in spreading anti-British sentiments during the 1857 Revolt.
Decline: The movement eventually fizzled out in the 1870s due to British military suppression.
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