Analyze the British expansion in the North-West Frontier region, focusing on the Durand Line agreement, Lord Curzon's strategies, and their enduring effects.
British India and the North-West Frontier: Expansion and Impact
The British Conquest of Sindh and Punjab: Expansion Beyond the Indus
The British conquest of Sindh in 1843 and the annexation of Punjab in 1849 extended their boundaries beyond the Indus River.
This expansion brought the British into direct contact with Baluch and Pathan tribes, claimed by the Amir of Afghanistan.
British Occupation of Hunza and Nagar in the Gilgit Valley
During 1891-92, the British occupied Hunza and Nagar in the strategic Gilgit Valley, alarming Abdur Rahman, the Amir of Afghanistan.
A compromise led to the creation of the Durand Line, marking the boundary between Afghan and British territories.
Despite the agreement, tribal uprisings persisted until 1898.
Curzon’s Policy of Withdrawal and Concentration in British India
Lord Curzon, serving as Viceroy from 1899 to 1905, implemented a policy of withdrawal and concentration.
British troops were withdrawn from advanced posts and replaced by tribal levies trained by British officers.
Curzon encouraged tribal leaders to maintain peace and created the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP).
The NWFP was placed directly under the Government of India, having previously been under the lieutenant-governor of Punjab.
The Formation of the NWFP and Its Historical Aftermath
Curzon’s policies contributed to a relatively peaceful north-west frontier, with occasional tribal uprisings.
In January 1932, the NWFP was constituted as a governor's province.
After 1947, the NWFP became part of Pakistan.
We use cookies to improve your experience on our website. By continuing to browse, you agree to our use of cookies. Please review our
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Use for more information.
Stay focused & Stay away from distractions
At Studento, we make sure you always remain focused on your studies