Dive into the historical Civil Rebellion in Awadh (1799), focusing on Wazir Ali Khan’s defiance against the British, the Benares Massacre, and the consequences of the rebellion. Understand its impact on the region's resistance against colonialism.

The Civil Rebellion in Awadh (1799) was one of the earliest uprisings against British authority in colonial India. Centered around Wazir Ali Khan, the conflict showcased the tensions between native rulers and the East India Company. The episode, which included the infamous Massacre of Benares, reveals how political betrayal, economic control, and British interference in princely states fueled unrest. This incident is a crucial study point for students of Indian history analyzing early resistance to colonial power.

Civil Rebellion in Awadh (1799) and the Massacre of Benares

• Causes and Rise of Wazir Ali Khan

  • (i) Wazir Ali Khan, the fourth Nawab of Awadh, ascended the throne in September 1797 with British support.
  • (ii) His relations with the British soon deteriorated, leading to his deposition in favor of his uncle, Saadat Ali Khan II.
  • (iii) After removal, Wazir Ali Khan was shifted to Benares with a pension.

• Massacre of Benares (1799)

  • (i) In January 1799, Wazir Ali Khan killed George Frederik Cherry, a British resident, during a lunch invitation.
  • (ii) His guards simultaneously killed two other Europeans and assaulted the Magistrate of Benares.
  • (iii) This incident came to be known as the Massacre of Benares, shocking the British administration.

• Rebellion and Defeat of Wazir Ali Khan

  • (i) Wazir Ali organized an army of thousands but was defeated by General Erskine.
  • (ii) He fled to Butwal and later sought asylum with the ruler of Jaipur.

• Extradition and Confinement of Wazir Ali Khan

  • (i) Arthur Wellesley persuaded the Raja of Jaipur to extradite Wazir Ali Khan.
  • (ii) The condition of extradition was that he would not be hanged or placed in fetters.
  • (iii) In December 1799, Wazir Ali surrendered and was confined in Fort William, Calcutta.