Discover the life and contributions of Sant Eknath, his devotional hymns, and his role in the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra.

Sant Eknath and Marathi Saints

The Life and Legacy of Eknath: A Prominent Figure in the Varkari Movement

Eknath (1533–1599), pronounced [eknath] in Marathi, was a prominent Indian Hindu saint, philosopher, and poet. A devout follower of the Hindu deity Vitthal, he played a significant role in the Varkari movement, a significant socio-religious movement in Maharashtra. Eknath is often regarded as a spiritual successor to the revered Marathi saints Dnyaneshwar and Namdev, and his contributions have significantly shaped Marathi literature and Hindu spirituality.

The Varkari Movement: A Socio-Religious Movement

Early Life and Influences: Shaping a Spiritual Journey

While details surrounding his life remain unclear, it is generally believed that Eknath lived during the latter part of the 16th century. Born into a Deshastha Rigvedi Brahmin family of the Vishwamitra gotra in Paithan (present-day Maharashtra), his parents were Suryanarayan and Rukmini Bai. He followed the Ashvalayana Sutra. It's likely his father held the title of Kulkarni, maintaining financial accounts. Their family deity was Ekvira Devi (or Renuka).

Eknath's parents passed away during his youth. He was then raised by his grandfather, Chakrapani. His great-grandfather, Bhanudas, was another esteemed saint of the Warkari sect. Eknath became a disciple of Janardan Swami, a devotee of the Hindu deity Dattatreya. This spiritual guidance significantly influenced Eknath's own path and shaped his philosophical outlook. Eknath's samadhi shrine is located in Paithan, near the Godavari river. Annual celebrations commemorating Eknath are held around March in Paithan.

Eknath's Literary Contributions: A Legacy of Words

A creative soul, Eknath utilized his literary talents to compose religious works in the vernacular Marathi language. He championed local devotional practices and challenged the oppressive caste system prevalent during his time.

Eknath's most notable work is a variation of the Bhagavata Purana, known as the Eknathi Bhagavata. He also authored a variation of the Ramayana titled Bhavarth Ramayan. Additionally, he composed Rukmini Swayamwar Hastamalak, a literary piece consisting of 764 owee (poetic meter) based on a Sanskrit hymn of the same name. He is credited with attempting to shift the focus of Marathi literature from spiritual to narrative composition and introduced a new form of Marathi religious song called Bharood.

His other literary works include Shukashtak (447 owee), Sukha (510 owee), Ananda-Lahari (154 owee), Chiranjeewa-Pad (42 owee), Geeta-Saar, and Prahlad-Vijaya. He introduced a new form of devotional melodies called Bharood and wrote nearly 300 of them.

The Legacy of Eknath: A Lasting Impact on Marathi Culture

Eknath's contributions to Marathi literature and Hindu spirituality have had a profound and lasting impact. His works continue to inspire and influence generations of scholars, poets, and spiritual seekers. Eknath's emphasis on bhakti (devotion) and his efforts to challenge social inequalities have left an indelible mark on Marathi culture.

Eknath's Abhangas, filled with profound wisdom and social commentary, continue to resonate with readers today. He remains a revered figure in Maharashtra, and his legacy serves as a constant reminder of the importance of spiritual growth, social justice, and the pursuit of a more equitable society.

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