Features, amendments, significant provisions, basic structure of Constitution
Appointment to various Constitutional posts; Constitutional Bodies (powers, functions and responsibilities); Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi-judicial bodies
Comparison of Indian constitutional scheme with other countries’
Functions & responsibilities of Union and States:
Issues and challenges of federal structure
Union and State Legislatures (structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers & privileges; issues therein)
Salient features of the Representation of People’s Act.
Executive (structure, organisation, functioning); Ministries and Departments (of Union and State govts.)
Welfare Schemes (centre, states; performance, mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for protection of vulnerable sections); Poverty and hunger issues
Government Policies & Interventions:
For development of various sectors (issues in their design, implementation)
Social Sector & Social Services (health, education, human resources – issues in development, management)
Transparency and accountability (institutional and other measures); Citizens Charter
Important aspects of governance; Role of Civil Services in a democracy.
Development Processes & International Relations:
Development industry (role of NGOs, SHGs, groups & associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders)
Pressure Groups & Formal, Informal associations (and their role in the polity)
Effect of Policies & Politics of Developed and Developing countries on India (India’s interests, diaspora)
Important International institutions, agencies, for a (structure, mandate); Bilateral, Regional, Global groupings & Agreements (involving and/or affecting India)
India and its Neighbourhood (relations)
....UPSC Mains PYQ's - 2023<
1: The Constitution of India is a living instrument with capabilities of enormous dynamism. It is a constitution made for a progressive society. Illustrate with special reference to the expanding horizons of the right to life and personal liberty.(250 words/15m)
2: Discuss the role of the Competition Commission of India in containing the abuse of dominant position by the Multi-National Corporations in India. Refer to the recent decisions. (150 words/10m)
3: Who are entitled to receive free legal aid? Assess the role of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) in rendering free legal aid in India. (150 words/10m)
7: Explain the significance of the 101st Constitutional Amendment Act. To what extent does it reflect the accommodative spirit of federalism? (250 words/15m)
8: Account for the legal and political factors responsible for the reduced frequency of using Article 356 by the Union Governments since the mid-1990s.(250 words/15m)
9: Discuss the role of Presiding Officers of state legislatures in maintaining order and impartiality in conducting legislative work and in facilitating best democratic practices. (150 words/10m)
10: Explain the structure of the Parliamentary Committee system. How far have the financial committees helped in the institutionalization of Indian Parliament? (250 words/15m)
12: Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer. (250 words/15m)
13: The crucial aspect of the development process has been the inadequate attention paid to Human Resource Development in India. Suggest measures that can address this inadequacy. (150 words/10m)
14: Skill development programmes have succeeded in increasing human resources supply to various sectors. In the context of the statement, analyse the linkages between education, skill, and employment. (250 words/15m)
15: e-governance, as a critical tool of governance, has ushered in effectiveness, transparency, and accountability in governments. What inadequacies hamper the enhancement of these features? (150 words/10m)
16: Discuss the contribution of civil society groups for women’s effective and meaningful participation and representation in state legislatures in India. (250 words/15m)
18: The expansion and strengthening of NATO and a stronger US-Europe strategic partnership work well for India.” What is your opinion about this statement? Give reasons and examples to support your answer.(250 words/15m)
19: ‘Virus of Conflict is affecting the functioning of the SCO’ In the light of the above statement point out the role of India in mitigating the problems. (150 words/10m)
20: Sea is an important Component of the Cosmos’ Discuss in the light of the above statement the role of the IMO (International Maritime Organisation) in protecting environment and enhancing maritime safety and security. (250 words/15m)
1: The most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws. 10m 150w
2: Right of movement and residence throughout the territory of India are freely available to Indian citizens, but these rights are not absolute. Comment 10m 150w
5: Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body. 10m 150w
6: The Gati-Shakti Yojana needs meticulous coordination between the government and the private sector to achieve the goal of connectivity. Discuss. 10m 150w
7: The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense sensitisation of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment. 10m 150w
8: Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment. 10m 150w
10: Do you think that BIMSTEC is a parallel organisation like the SAARC? What are the similarities and dissimilarities between the two? How are Indian foreign policy objectives realized by forming this new organisation? 10m 150w
12: Besides the welfare schemes, India needs deft management of inflation and unemployment to serve the poor and the underprivileged sections of the society. Discuss. 15m 250w
13: Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process ? Justify your answer. 15m 250w
14: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting incentive-based system for children’s education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyse. 15m 250w
16: Clean energy is the order of the day. Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. 15m 250w
17: Do you agree with the view that increasing dependence on donor agencies for development reduces the importance of community participation in the development process? Justify your answer. 15m 250w
18: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in promoting an incentive-based system for children’s education without generating awareness about the importance of schooling. Analyze. 15m 250w
20: Clean energy is the order of the day. Describe briefly India’s changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics. 15m 250w
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