Effects of Liberalisation on the economy; Changes in Industrial policy & their effects on industrial growth
Major Crops in various parts of country (cropping patterns, types of irrigation, irrigation systems, )
Food Processing and Related Industries:
e-technology to aid farmers; Technology missions;
Food processing and related industries in India (scope & significance, location, upstream-downstream requirements, supply chain management); storage, transport & marketing of agro-produce and related issues & constraints; Economics of animal-rearing
Land Reforms in India
Farm subsidies and MSP and issues therein (direct and indirect); PDS (objectives, functioning, limitations, revamping, issues of buffer stocks & food security)
Disasters & Disaster Management:
Disasters & Disaster Management
Environmental conservation; Environmental pollution and degradation; Environmental Impact Assessment
Devolution of powers and finances to local levels; challenges therein
Linkages of Organised crime and Terrorism; Moneylaundering & Prevention
Border Areas (security challenges and management thereof); Security forces & agencies (mandate); Role of External State & Non-State actors in creating internal security challenges
Basics of Cyber Security; Role of media and social-networking sites in internal security challenges; Internal security challenges through communication networks
Linkages between Development & spread of Extremism
Achievements of Indians in S&T:
Achievements of Indians in S&T; Indigenisation of technology & development of new technology
S&T developments and everyday applications & effects; Awareness in fields of IT, Space, Computers, Robotics, Nanotech, Biotech, IPR issues
UPSC Mains PYQ's - 2023
1: Faster economic growth requires increased share of the manufacturing sector in GDP, particularly of MSMEs. Comment on the present policies of the Government in this regard. (150 words/10m)
2: Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements.
3: Distinguish between ‘care economy’ and ‘monetized economy’. How can care economy be brought into monetized economy through women empowerment? (250 words/15m)
7: State the objectives and measures of land reforms in India. Discuss how land ceiling policy on landholding can be considered as an effective reform under economic criteria.
The land ceiling policy limits the amount of land one can own, redistributing surplus land to the landless and marginal farmers, thus promoting equitable land distribution .
8: What are the direct and indirect subsidies provided to farm sector in India? Discuss the issues raised by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in relation to agricultural subsidies. (250 words/15m)
The WTO has raised issues regarding India's agricultural subsidies, particularly concerning the breach of de minimis limits, which stipulate that subsidies should not exceed 10% of the total value of agricultural production .
9: Dam failures are always catastrophic, especially on the downstream side, resulting in a colossal loss of life and property. Analyze the various causes of dam failures. Give two examples of large dam failures. (150 words/10m)
The Banqiao Dam failure in China in 1975 resulted in the deaths of an estimated 171,000 people and left millions homeless.
Another example is the Vaiont Dam disaster in Italy in 1963, caused by a massive landslide, which led to around 2,000 fatalities and the destruction of several villages.
10: The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles? (250 words/15m)
11: Comment on the National Wetland Conservation Programme initiated by the Government of India and name a few India’s wetlands of international importance included in the Ramsar Sites. (250 words/15m)
12: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact in India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region? (250 words/15m)
The IPCC report projects significant impacts due to a one-meter rise in sea levels, affecting coastal regions in India and other Indian Ocean countries.
14: What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India? (150 words/10m)
15: What is the main task of India’s third moon mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the Virtual Launch Control Centre’ at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota. (250 words/15m)
16: Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of Al in healthcare? (150 words/10m)
17: What are the internal security challenges being faced by India? Give out the role of Central Intelligence and Investigative Agencies tasked to counter such threats. (250 words/15m)
18: Give out the major sources of terror funding in India and the efforts being made to curtail these sources. In the light of this, also discuss the aim and objective of the No Money for Terror (NMFT) Conference recently held at New Delhi in November 2022. (250 words/15m)
19: The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by our adversaries across the borders to ferry arms/ammunitions, drugs, etc., is a serious threat to the internal security. Comment on the measures being taken to tackle this threat. (150 words/10m)
20: Winning of ‘Hearts and Minds’ in terrorism-affected areas is an essential step in restoring the trust of the population. Discuss the measures adopted by the Government in this respect as part of the conflict resolution in Jammu and Kashmir. (150 words/10m)
1: Why is Public Private Partnership (PPP) required in infrastructural projects? Examine the role of PPP model in the redevelopment of Railway Stations in India. (10 marks, 150w)
2:Is inclusive growth possible under market economy? State the significance of financial inclusion in achieving economic growth in India. (10 marks, 150w)
5: The increase in life expectancy in the country has led to newer health challenges in the community. What are those challenges and what steps need to be taken to meet them? (10 marks, 150w)
6: Each year a large amount of plant material, cellulose, is deposited on the surface of Planet Earth. What are the natural processes this cellulose undergoes before yielding carbon dioxide, water and other end products? (10 marks, 150w)
9: Discuss the types of organised crimes. Describe the linkages between terrorists and organised crime that exist at the national and transnational levels. (10 marks, 150w)
10: What are the maritime security challenges in India? Discuss the organisational, technical and procedural initiatives taken to improve the maritime security. (10 marks, 150w)
11: Economic growth in the recent past has been led by increase in labour productivity. Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity. (15 marks, 250w)
12: Do you think India will meet 50 percent of its energy needs from renewable energy by 2030? Justify your answer. How will the shift of subsidies from fossil fuels to renewables help achieve the above objective? Explain. (15 marks, 250w)
15: Launched on 25th December, 2021, James Webb Space Telescope has been much in the news since then. What are its unique features which make it superior to its predecessor Space Telescopes? What are the key goals of this mission? What potential benefits does it hold for the human race? 15 marks, 250w
16: What is the basic principle behind vaccine development? How do vaccines work? What approaches were adopted by the Indian vaccine manufacturers to produce COVID-19 vaccines? 15 marks, 250w
17: Discuss global warming and mention its effects on the global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases which cause global warming, in the light of the Kyoto Protocol, 1997. 15 marks, 250w
18: Explain the causes and effects of coastal erosion in India. What are the available coastal management techniques for combating the hazard? 15 marks, 250w
19: What are the different elements of cyber security? Keeping in view the challenges in cyber security, examine the extent to which India has successfully developed a comprehensive National Cyber Security Strategy. 15 marks, 250w
20: Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues and suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism. 15 marks, 250w
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