Explore the Delhi Sultanate's era under Balban, including his ascension to power, centralized administration, defensive measures against Mongols, and legal reforms. Understand Balban's legacy and the Mongol threat's impact on the sultanate's military strategies and territorial integrity.

Overview:

• --> Balban initially served as naib (deputy) to Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud.
• --> Consolidated his influence and assumed the throne after Mahmud's death in 1265.

Impact:

• --> Strengthened the sultanate's central authority.
• --> Introduced the practice of sijda (prostration) and paibos (kissing the monarch's feet).

Overview:

• --> Fortified the northwestern frontier and deployed military outposts (dahsala).
• --> Formed alliances and conducted diplomatic negotiations with Mongol leaders.

Impact:

• --> Mitigated direct military confrontations with the Mongols.
• --> Secured Delhi Sultanate's territories against external threats.

Overview:

• --> Introduced a more structured administrative system.
• --> Divided the empire into provinces (ikta) with loyal governors (muqtis).
• --> Reformed the judicial system to ensure justice and administrative efficiency.

Impact:

• --> Improved discipline and reduced corruption in the administration.
• --> Strengthened central control over provincial governance.

Overview:

• --> Persistent Mongol threats from the Chagatai Khanate during Balban's reign and beyond.
• --> Strategies included fortifications, military alliances, and punitive expeditions.

Impact:

• --> Ongoing efforts to secure the northwest frontier and protect the empire from Mongol incursions.
• --> Increased military expenditure and fortifications.
• --> Formation of a strong military culture and strategic defense policies.