Immediate Cause of Rebellion. Offensive and Support. Retreat and Further Conflict. Resolution and Aftermath. Role of Nur JahanEarly Life and Marriage. Family Influence and Political Rise. Role in Governance and Administration. Cultural Contributions and Legacy. Relationship with Jahangir and Shah JahanPolitical and Administrative Developments. Jahangir's Reign and Challenges. Nur Jahan's Influence and Succession Issues.

Alliance with Safavids against Uzbeks: A Strategic Partnership

• The Mughals allied with the Safavids of Iran against the Uzbeks, who were their natural enemies.
• This alliance was driven by mutual interests in countering Uzbek threats and securing trade routes.

Relations with Ottomans:  A Cautious Approach

• The Mughals were cautious of the Ottoman Empire's expanding influence from the west.
• The Ottomans clashed with the Safavids over control of Baghdad and northern Iran.

Persian Relations: Balancing Power Dynamics in the Region

• The Mughals' alliance with the Safavids was strategic, as it helped in balancing power dynamics in the region.
• The Persians sought Mughal support against Uzbek aggression and Ottoman expansionism.

Trade and Naval Dynamics:  Maritime Considerations

• The Mughals considered closer ties with the Ottomans due to their naval power and mutual interests in countering European powers in maritime trade.
• However, they were cautious due to the Ottomans' claim as the successor to the caliph, which the Mughals were not willing to accept.

Broadminded Approach:  Religious Tolerance in Foreign Policy

• The Mughals were relatively broadminded in religious matters, not letting sectarian differences affect their alliances, unlike the Uzbeks who exploited Sunni-Shia differences.