The age of Vijayanagara empire: It's foundation, conflicts with Bahmani Kingdom. Accession of Portuguese. The Bahmani Kingdom: Its Expansion and Disintegration, Firuz Shah Bahman & Ahmed Shah-I.

Post-Timur's invasion and formal establishment of independent rule.

• --> Gujarat and Malwa became de facto independent after Timur's invasion of Delhi in 1398.
• --> Zafar Khan proclaimed himself ruler of Gujarat as Muzaffar Shah in 1407.
• --> Establishment of stable governance and consolidation of power in Gujarat under Muzaffar Shah.

Bitter rivalry impacting political alignments and internal stability.

• --> Continuous rivalry with Malwa, alternating between conflict and attempts at political manipulation.
• --> Efforts to weaken each other by supporting internal dissent and external alliances.
• --> Resulted in mutual weakening and inability to influence broader North Indian politics.