Explore the struggle for the empire in North India, focusing on the Lodhi and saiyyid, sharqi dynasties. Learn about their historical significance and impact on Indian history.

Kashmir in the fifteenth century was a pivotal period marked by significant religious, cultural, and political transformations.

• --> Known for its beauty and strategic location, Kashmir was historically secluded, with strict regulations on entry.
• --> Initially a center of Saivism, it underwent profound changes after the end of Hindu rule in the mid-fourteenth century.

Zainul Abidin, a notable Muslim monarch, ascended the throne around a century after the Mongol invasion, initiating a period of cultural and religious reformation in Kashmir.

• --> He reversed the policies of religious persecution initiated by earlier rulers, fostering tolerance and cultural integration.
• --> Allowed non-Muslims to return to Kashmir and restored Hindu temples and libraries.
• --> Patronized arts, literature, and technology, including advancements in paper-making, book-binding, and shawl-making.
• --> Encouraged translations of Sanskrit texts into Persian and promoted cultural exchanges.

Kashmir was known for its association with Saivism before the mid-fourteenth century.

• --> The influence of Hinduism persisted until the devastating Mongol invasion led by Dalucha in 1320.
• --> The attack marked a turning point, leading to widespread destruction and a shift in religious and cultural dynamics in Kashmir.

Zainul Abidin focused on economic growth in Kashmir, promoting agriculture, craftsmanship, and technological advancements.

• --> Introduced innovations like paper-making and book-binding techniques imported from Samarqand.
• --> Supported local industries such as shawl-making, stone-cutting, and gold-beating.