The age of Vijayanagara empire: It's foundation, conflicts with Bahmani Kingdom. Accession of Portuguese. The Bahmani Kingdom: Its Expansion and Disintegration, Firuz Shah Bahman & Ahmed Shah-I.

Mahmud Gawan's background and ascent within the Bahmani court.

• --> Mahmud Gawan, an Iranian trader initially, rose to favor with the Bahmani sultanate.
• --> Granted the title of Malik-ut-Tujjar, he later became prime minister or Peshwa, dominating state affairs for nearly 20 years.

Mahmud Gawan's reforms in governance and financial management.

• --> Divided the kingdom into eight provinces governed by tarafdars, with fixed salaries and obligations for nobles.
• --> Implemented measures for efficient land revenue collection and provincial administration.

Challenges faced by Mahmud Gawan and the aftermath of his tenure.

• --> Executed due to internal strife and political maneuvering among Bahmani nobles.
• --> Fragmentation of the Bahmani kingdom into principalities after his demise.
• --> Legacy of Bahmani cultural influence and its impact on subsequent regional developments.