Malwa & Rise of Mewar: Mahmud khalji, Rana Kumbha & Rana Sanga's reign

Malwa

+ Event Details

Strategic location on the high plateau between the rivers Narmada and Tapti.

--> Commanded trunk routes between Gujarat and northern India, as well as north and south India.
--> Acted as a barrier to the ambitions of Gujarat, Mewar, the Bahmanis, and the Lodi sultans of Delhi.
--> Control over Malwa was crucial for dominance over north India.

+ Event Details

Flourished during the 15th century with its capital shifted from Dhar to Mandu.

--> Mandu, known for its defensibility and natural beauty, became the new capital.
--> Notable architectural works include the Jama Masjid, Hindola Mahal, and Jahaz Mahal.
--> Mandu's architecture was massive, with a lofty plinth and extensive use of colored and glazed tiles.

+ Event Details

Persistent internal conflicts and power struggles weakened the kingdom.

--> Frequent succession struggles and noble factions fighting for power and profit.
--> Neighboring states like Gujarat and Mewar exploited this factionalism for their own advantage.

+ Event Details

Adopted by early ruler Hushang Shah.

--> Encouraged Rajputs to settle in Malwa, granting jagirs to prominent Rajputs like the elder brothers of Rana Mokal of Mewar.
--> No restrictions on the construction of temples, as seen from the Lalitpur temple inscription.
--> Patronized Jains, with notable figures like Nardeva Soni serving as treasurer and adviser.

+ Event Details

Most powerful ruler of Malwa, known for his military campaigns and temple destruction.

--> Destroyed many temples during conflicts with Rana Kumbha of Mewar and neighboring Hindu rajas.
--> Fought with rulers of Gujarat, Gondwana, Orissa, Bahmani sultans, and the sultan of Delhi.
--> Focused energies on South Rajputana and attempts to subdue Mewar.

+ Event Details

An important factor in the political life of north India during the 15th century.

--> Founded by Bapa Rawal of the Guihlot clan in the 7th century, migrated from Gujarat.
--> Chittor, the capital, passed to the Sishodias after Alauddin Khalji ousted Ratan Singh.
--> Rao Lakha and Mokal made Mewar the most powerful state in Rajasthan during the late 14th and early 15th centuries.

+ Event Details

Elevated Mewar to a formidable power, consolidating and expanding its territories.

--> Defeated internal rivals and renewed efforts for the conquest of Bundi, Kotah, and Dungarpur.
--> Conflicted with Gujarat and Malwa, involving multiple military campaigns.
--> Patron of arts and learning, composed books, and constructed notable structures like the Victory Tower (Kirti Stambha) at Chittor.

+ Event Details

Faced invasions and conflicts with Gujarat and Malwa, as well as the Rathors of Marwar.

--> Despite pressures, Rana Kumbha maintained his position in Mewar, repelling multiple attacks.
--> Notable conflicts include the besieging of Kumbhalgarh by Gujarat forces and raids by Mahmud Khalji.

+ Event Details

Ascended the throne of Mewar after a long fratricidal conflict.

--> Rapid internal disintegration of Malwa during this period.
--> Rana Sanga defeated Mahmud II of Malwa in 1517, establishing overlordship over eastern Malwa.
--> Defeated Ibrahim Lodi of Delhi at Khatoli, highlighting Mewar's rising power.
--> Significant political developments in north India with Babur's impending arrival.