Immediate Cause of Rebellion. Offensive and Support. Retreat and Further Conflict. Resolution and Aftermath. Role of Nur JahanEarly Life and Marriage. Family Influence and Political Rise. Role in Governance and Administration. Cultural Contributions and Legacy. Relationship with Jahangir and Shah JahanPolitical and Administrative Developments. Jahangir's Reign and Challenges. Nur Jahan's Influence and Succession Issues.
The trading community in India was diverse, including Hindus, Jains, Muslims (Bohras), Oswals, Maheshwaris, Agarwals, Multanis, Afghans, Khatris, Chettis, and Muslim merchants of Malabar.
Some of the richest merchants included Virji Vohra, Abdul Ghafur Bohra, Malay Chetti, Kashi Viranna, and Sunca Rama Chetti.
Wealthy merchants in port towns lived in commodious houses, while ordinary merchants lived above their shops.
Political integration under Mughal rule and establishment of law and order helped expand trade and commerce.
Mughal policies such as minting high-purity silver rupees, paying salaries in cash, and the zabti system (cash payment of land revenue) commercialized the economy.
The demand for luxury goods by nobles led to the expansion of handicraft production and the growth of towns.
During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, many major towns developed, including Agra, Fatehpur Sikri, Lahore, Delhi, Ahmadnagar, Burhanpur, Multan, Patna, Rajmahal, and Dacca.
These towns were administrative centers and developed as centers of trade and manufacture.
The Mughal ability to collect a high share of rural produce, commuted into money, stimulated the demand for luxury goods, leading to the growth of arms manufacturing and shipbuilding.
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