Explore the pivotal eras of the Khalji and Tughlaq dynasties in medieval Indian history through a chronological timeline. Discover the political upheavals, cultural shifts, and dynastic transitions that shaped the Delhi Sultanate from 1286 to 1412, including the rise to power, reforms, and eventual decline. Delve into detailed event summaries and historical insights within this comprehensive HTML timeline.
-->Capital Transfer: He attempted to transfer the capital from Delhi to Deogir (renamed Daulatabad) in an effort to consolidate control over South India. This move aimed to address political unrest in the region but faced logistical challenges and widespread discontent among the population forced to relocate. Ultimately, the plan was abandoned due to administrative difficulties and the impracticality of governing from such a distance.
-->Token Currency: Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced a token currency, bronze coins meant to supplement silver currency which was scarce. However, the initiative failed due to rampant forgery and loss of trust in the new coins, leading to its eventual withdrawal.
--> Muhammad bin Tughlaq implemented measures to improve agriculture, particularly in the doab region (the fertile land between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers).
--> His policies included attempts to promote cultivation of superior crops like wheat and sugarcane. However, these efforts were hindered by over-assessment of taxes, artificial price fixing, and a severe famine that devastated the area.
--> His administration's response to the famine, including efforts to provide relief through advances for cattle, seeds, and well-digging, came too late to prevent significant loss of life.
--> Muhammad bin Tughlaq made controversial appointments to the nobility, including individuals from non-noble backgrounds such as converts from lower castes (e.g., barbers, weavers, etc.).
--> This policy caused resentment among traditional noble families, who felt marginalized, and potentially undermined cohesion and loyalty within the administration.
--> Muhammad bin Tughlaq also engaged in military campaigns to expand and secure his empire, facing challenges from external threats such as Mongol incursions into northern India.
--> His attempts to extend control into regions like Khurasan and Afghanistan were ambitious but faced logistical and strategic challenges, contributing to the complexity of his reign.
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