Explore the relationship between Aurangzeb and the Deccani states during 1684-87, including the final breach with Shivaji, the Treaty of Purandar, and the rise of the Marathas. Learn about Shivaji's achievements and the impact of the Maratha conflict on the Mughal Empire.

Initial Struggles and Renewed Efforts (1681)

• Upon arriving in the Deccan in 1681, Aurangzeb concentrated his forces against Sambhaji, Shivaji's son and successor, while attempting to detach Bijapur and Golconda from the Marathas.
• Despite renewed efforts, these attempts were unsuccessful as the Deccan states relied on the Marathas as their shield against the Mughals.

Aurangzeb's Demands and Bijapur's Siege (1686)

• Aurangzeb demanded that the Adil Shah provide provisions, allow free passage, supply a cavalry contingent, and expel Sharza Khan, a leading Bijapuri noble opposed to the Mughals.
• After an inevitable rupture, Bijapur appealed for help from Golconda and Sambhaji, which was promptly given. However, even the combined forces of the Deccani states couldn't withstand the full strength of the Mughal army commanded by Aurangzeb.
• After an 18-month siege, Bijapur fell in 1686, justifying earlier failures by Jai Singh (1665) and Diler Khan (1679-80).

Golconda's Campaign and Downfall (1687)

• The inevitable campaign against Golconda followed Bijapur's downfall.
• The Qutb Shah had committed several 'sins' including empowering infidels Madanna and Akhanna, aiding Shivaji, and sending 40,000 men to aid Bijapur despite Aurangzeb's warnings.
• Despite stiff resistance, the Mughals occupied Golconda in 1685, agreeing to pardon the Qutb Shah in return for a subsidy, territory cession, and ousting Madanna and Akhanna.
• Madanna and Akhanna were murdered, but this failed to save the Qutb Shah. The Mughals besieged Golconda in early 1687, capturing it after more than six months through treachery and bribery.

Aurangzeb's Triumph and Subsequent Challenges

• Aurangzeb triumphed but soon realized that the extinction of Bijapur and Golconda was only the beginning of his difficulties.
• This marked the start of the last and most challenging phase of Aurangzeb's life.