Learn about the Dual Government system in Bengal (1765-72) established by the East India Company after the Battle of Buxar. Discover how Robert Clive's policies impacted Bengal's administration and its people.
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Dual Government in Bengal (1765-72)
Control of Bengal After Buxar
After the battle of Buxar, the East India Company became the real masters of Bengal.
Robert Clive introduced the dual system of government in Bengal, where both the Company and the Nawab ruled.
Diwani (collecting revenues) and nizamat (police and judicial functions) came under the control of the Company.
Company's Control Mechanism
The Company exercised diwani rights as the diwan and nizamat rights through its right to nominate the deputy subahdar.
The Company acquired diwani functions from the emperor and nizamat functions from the subahdar of Bengal.
Advantage for the Company
The system held a great advantage for the Company.
It left the appearance of authority to the puppet Indian ruler while keeping sovereign power in the hands of the Company.
The Nawab was responsible for maintaining peace and order but depended on the Company for funds and forces.
Company's Administration
For the exercise of diwani functions, the Company appointed two deputy diwans: Mohammad Reza Khan for Bengal and Raja Sitab Roy for Bihar.
Mohammad Reza Khan also acted as deputy nazim or deputy subahdar.
Consequences of Dual System
The dual system led to an administrative breakdown and proved disastrous for the people of Bengal.
Neither the Company nor the Nawab cared for administration and public welfare.
Warren Hastings did away with the dual system in 1772.
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