Central Government of India | UPSC Polity Notes

President of India

The President of India is the constitutional head of the country and the supreme commander of the armed forces. This page provides a detailed study of the President's election process, term of office, eligibility criteria, and ceremonial as well as real constitutional powers. Learn how the President ensures the functioning of the parliamentary democracy, exercises checks and balances, and plays a pivotal role during emergencies and legislative processes.

Powers of the President of India

Explore the full range of powers of the President of India including executive powers to appoint the Prime Minister, governors, judges, and key officials. Understand legislative powers like summoning and proroguing Parliament, and judicial powers such as granting pardons. This page also explains emergency powers under Articles 352, 356, and 360, showcasing the President's role in maintaining constitutional stability and upholding India’s democratic governance.

Prime Minister of India

Discover the constitutional position, authority, and responsibilities of the Prime Minister of India, the chief executive and leader of the Union Government. This page explains the Prime Minister’s role in policy formulation, Cabinet leadership, coordination between ministries, parliamentary accountability, and guiding national administration. Also learn about the Prime Minister’s pivotal influence on domestic and foreign policy, governance reforms, and political decision-making in India.

Vice President of India

The Vice President of India serves as the second-highest constitutional authority and acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. This page explains the electoral process, term of office, constitutional powers, and duties in legislative proceedings. Learn how the Vice President ensures smooth functioning of the upper house, represents the government in parliamentary discussions, and acts as the successor to the President when necessary.

Council of Ministers

This page provides a comprehensive analysis of the Council of Ministers in India, including the Prime Minister, Cabinet Ministers, Ministers of State, and Deputy Ministers. Understand their collective and individual responsibilities, constitutional provisions for appointment, and role in formulating and implementing policies. Explore their accountability to the Parliament, coordination with the President, and importance in ensuring governance stability and efficient administration.

Cabinet Committees

Learn about the formation, composition, and functions of Cabinet Committees in India. This page explains different types of committees such as the Appointments Committee, Economic Affairs Committee, and Parliamentary Affairs Committee. Understand how these committees assist in decision-making, reduce the Cabinet’s workload, and ensure efficient governance, policy coordination, and smooth administrative functioning at the highest level.

Parliament of India

This page offers a detailed overview of the Parliament of India, highlighting its bicameral structure, composition of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha, and the legislative, financial, and oversight roles. Understand how Parliament functions as the supreme law-making body, exercises control over the executive, debates policies, approves budgets, and represents the voice of the people across India.

Parliament Powers and Functions

Explore the extensive powers and functions of the Indian Parliament, including legislative authority, financial control, oversight of the executive, approval of budgets, impeachment procedures, and judicial review. This page explains the constitutional provisions that empower Parliament to maintain accountability, uphold democracy, and ensure transparency in the functioning of the Union Government.

Parliamentary Legislative Procedure

Understand the detailed legislative procedure followed in the Indian Parliament, from the introduction of a bill, discussion, committee review, amendments, voting, and Presidential assent. This page explains the step-by-step process, highlighting the role of different parliamentary bodies and officers in ensuring democratic and transparent law-making.

Budget in Parliament

Explore the presentation and approval of the Union Budget in the Indian Parliament, including stages such as Budget speech, general discussion, examination by committees, voting, and enactment. Learn how the budget process impacts fiscal planning, public expenditure, taxation, and governance, ensuring accountability and transparency in financial management.

Parliamentary Committees

This page provides detailed information on various Parliamentary Committees in India, including standing committees, ad hoc committees, and financial committees. Learn how these committees scrutinize bills, monitor government performance, examine policy matters, and ensure legislative accountability and transparency in the parliamentary system.

Parliament Secretariat Procedures

Learn about the functions and procedures of the Parliament Secretariat, which provides administrative support to both Houses. This page explains the role of secretariat staff in legislative drafting, record keeping, research, and assisting parliamentary officers to ensure smooth functioning of legislative business and proper documentation of parliamentary proceedings.

Parliamentary Officers

Detailed insights on the key Parliamentary Officers in India, including the Secretary-General, clerks, and other officials who manage legislative proceedings, ensure adherence to rules, and maintain records. Learn about their crucial role in the administration, procedural management, and facilitation of parliamentary functions for effective governance.

Central Government of India including President, Vice-President, Prime Minister, Council of Ministers, Cabinet Committees, Parliament, Judiciary, Judicial Review, Judicial Activism, and Public Interest Litigation. UPSC Polity GS2 topic.