Understanding import restrictions under general exceptions of Article XX of GATT 1994 is crucial for students preparing for international trade exams. This section explains how countries may restrict imports for public morals, human and environmental protection, providing a clear and story-like explanation for easier comprehension.
The provisions of Article XX are supported and clarified through TBT and SPS agreements, which ensure global standards are respected and unnecessary trade barriers are avoided.
These agreements emphasize adoption of international standards. If a country designs its own measures, it must justify them to prove they are not unnecessary obstacles to trade, ensuring transparency and fairness.
The measures under Article XX primarily aim at environmental protection, yet in practice, some developed countries implement them frequently and loosely, leading to concerns they serve protectionist purposes rather than genuine environmental interests.
In summary, Article XX balances trade liberalization with the need to protect human, animal, plant life, and the environment, ensuring countries can act responsibly without creating unnecessary trade barriers.
Article XX of GATT 1994 provides a framework for countries to restrict imports for public morals, environmental protection, and health safety. Understanding these provisions is essential for students and those preparing for international trade exams, highlighting the fine balance between trade freedom and responsible regulatory measures.
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